The history of Cook’s exploration of the Pacific is powerfully told over 32 minutes in a 26m panoramic video by Māori artist Lisa Reihana called in Pursuit of Venus. Genetic and archaeological evidence suggests that humans emigrated from Taiwan via southeast Asia to Melanesia and then radiated eastwards into the Pacific in pulses and waves of discovery which gradually colonised islands from Samoa and Tonga all the way to Hawaii, the Marquesas, Easter Island, the Society Islands and, finally, New Zealand. [174], The Fourth Labour Government also revolutionised New Zealand's foreign policy, making the country a nuclear-free zone and effectively leaving the ANZUS alliance. After the war, women left traditional male occupations and many women gave up paid employment to return home. When he returned home, Kupe described New Zealand as a place with no people; “I saw no one; what I did see was a kokako, a tiwaiwaka, and a weka (ie birds), whistling away in the gullies; kokako was ko-ing on the ridges, and tiwaiwaka was flitting about before my face.” This narrative firmly places Kupe as the first person to discover New Zealand. [109], New Zealand gained international attention for its reforms, especially how the state regulated labour relations. The leases were renewed automatically, which gave the wealthy pastoralists a strong landed interest and made them a powerful political force. or. Dominion status was a public mark of the self-governance that had evolved over half a century through responsible government. The father, who discovered the four bodies in their family home, has been released without charge. New Zealand had the advantage of being the last landmass on Earth to be discovered, so there was much less time for deforestation to occur before the world became aware of conservation. After 1880 immigration reduced, and growth was due chiefly to the excess of births over deaths. The first European to sight New Zealand was Dutch explorer Abel Tasman. New Zealand's highly productive agriculture gave it probably the world's highest standard of living, with fewer at the rich and poor ends of the scale. These settlements had access to some of the richest plains in the country and after refrigerated ships appeared in 1882, they developed into closely settled regions of small-scale farming. According to the future Governor, Captain Arthur Phillip's amended Commission, dated 25 April 1787 the colony of New South Wales included "all the islands adjacent in the Pacific Ocean within the latitudes of 10°37'S and 43°39'S" which included most of New Zealand except for the southern half of the South Island. Gordon Anderson and Michael Quinlan, "The Changing Role of the State: Regulating Work in Australia and New Zealand 1788–2007". Civilization 6: Gathering Storm releases in February, and takes players on a seafaring journey with Kupe, the legendary Maori who discovered New Zealand. Labour also gained Māori votes by working closely with the Rātana movement. Very interesting! This led to the development of a Māori protest movement which in turn led to greater recognition of the Treaty of Waitangi in the late 20th century. It is named after the Dutch province of Zealand (near the Belgian border today). Related hapū would often trade goods and co-operate on major projects, but conflict between hapū was also relatively common. [108] In 1893 it extended voting rights to women, making New Zealand the first country in the world to enact universal female suffrage. [180], With the end of the Cold War in 1991, the nation's foreign policy turned increasingly to issues of its nuclear-free status and other military issues; its adjustment to neoliberalism in international trade relations; and its involvement in humanitarian, environmental, and other matters of international diplomacy. [25] Although there were some conflicts, such as the killing of French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne in 1772 and the destruction of the Boyd in 1809, most contact between Māori and European was peaceful. [206][207], Map of the New Zealand coastline as Cook charted it on his, This in the context of British trade with China and the lead up to the, Michael King, "The Penguin History of New Zealand" (2003) pp 171–172. [13][14], The original settlers quickly exploited the abundant large game in New Zealand, such as moa, which were large flightless ratites pushed to extinction by about 1500. Dunedin became the wealthiest city in the country and many in the South Island resented financing the North Island's wars. A great sea battle with the Octopus ensued at the mouth of Te Moana o Raukawa (Cook Strait), where Kupe finally killed Muturangi’s pet. The result was a jump in strength to 35% in 1931, 47% in 1935, and peaking at 56% in 1938. It was an era of prosperity as the national income soared from £158 million in 1937 to £292 million in 1944. David McCraw, "New Zealand Foreign Policy Under the Clark Government: High Tide of Liberal Internationalism?". Log In. [136], Unlike in later years, there were no public benefit ("dole") payments – the unemployed were given "relief work", much of which was however not very productive, partly because the size of the problem was unprecedented. [104] Māori still owned five million acres by 1920; they leased three million acres and used one million acres for themselves. When World War II broke out in 1939, New Zealand contributed to the defence of Britain and the Pacific War; the country contributed some 120,000 troops. First to discover New Zealand in 1642, Abel Tasman annexed the country for Holland under the name of 'Staten Landt' (later changed to 'New Zealand' by Dutch mapmakers). 2,000 miles (3,200 km) of road had been opened, and electric telegraph lines increased from 699 miles (1,125 km) in 1866 to 3,170 miles (5,100 km) in 1876. VICE Video. Wellington New Zealand history information and historical places. The interventionist policies of the Third National Government were replaced by "Rogernomics", a commitment to a free market economy. He attempted to maintain New Zealand's "cradle to the grave" welfare state, which dated to 1935. Sign up for hand-selected playlists, topical articles and the very best from the BBC Earth community. [176][177], Voters unhappy with the rapid speed and far-reaching extent of reforms elected a National government in 1990, led by Jim Bolger. ( 2003-11-08 09:47) (Xinhua) An amateur English historian believes that Chinese discovered New Zealand well before Maori or Dutchmen. The women argued that women-hood (thanks to motherhood) was the repository of superior moral values and concerns and from their domestic experience they knew best how to resolve conflicts. This is a commercial website from BBC Studios. Outside these compact settlements were the sheep runs. More positive financial conditions [ 104 ] Māori culture, there are variations on this story the! 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